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Objective@#To analyze the association between eye use behavior and self reported myopia in middle and high school students, and provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#A total of 14 872 middle and high school students was selected from four provinces and cities from December 2015 to March 2016, including Jiangxi(Nanchang,Yintan,Dexing), Liaoning(Shenyang), Guangdong(Shenzhen), Henan(Zhengzhou) provinces. A self administrated questionnaire was used to collect the basic information, self reported myopia and eye use behaviors among middle and high school students. The Chi square tests were applied to compare the differences in self reported myopia among middle and high school students with different characteristics. Multivariate binary Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between eye use behavior and self reported myopia in middle and high school students.@*Results@#The self reported myopia rate of middle and high school students was 68.5%, with 59.7% and 78.6% for junior high school students and senior high school students, respectively. After adjusting for the potential confounders, the Logistic regression models showed that middle and high school students who read and write with their heads down ( OR =1.94, 2.32),middle and high school students who lie down or lie on stomach when using their eyes ( OR =1.27, 1.28) had a higher risk of self reported myopia ( P <0.01). There was a negative correlation between eye use distance (reading and writing distance, distance from eyes to TV, mobile phone, or tablet) and self reported myopia ( OR =0.73, 0.70, 0.81; 0.61, 0.66 , 0.76) in middle and high school students ( P <0.01). In addition, the risk of self reported myopia was lower in middle school students with longer eye to computer distance ( OR=0.77, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#There is a significant association between eye use postures, eye use distance and self reported myopia in middle and high school students. Health education for the risk and behavior factors of myopia should be actively promoted to ensure the visual health of children and adolescents.
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Objective@#To develop the Assessment of Smartphone Multitasking for Adolescents (ASMA) and evaluate its reliability and construct validity, so that to provide an evaluation tool for relevant epidemiological studies.@*Methods@#Based on literature review, expert based judgement, and group discussion, the self administered ASMA identified 3 dimensions named smartphone activities and non-media activities multitasking, smartphone activities and other media activities multitasking, and smartphone functional use multitasking, which initially included 27 items. From October to December 2021, 5 566 college students were selected from 7 regions, including Liaoning, Shanxi, Henan, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen, and Yunnan by multi stage cluster sampling method, and item analysis, factor analysis, and reliability evaluation were used to screen items and evaluate reliability and validity.@*Results@#The final version of AMSA contained 3 dimensions covering 26 items. The variance cumulative contribution rate was 59.63 %. The internal consistency test showed that Cronbach s alpha coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.944, and ranged from 0.838 to 0.928 for each dimension. The split half coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.849 and ranging from 0.781 to 0.874 for each dimension. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker Lewis index (TLI) of the questionnaire were 0.068, 0.901, and 0.891, respectively, which had which had a good fitting degree. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the criterion validity of the questionnaire was good ( r=0.206-0.351, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The ASMA is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics and can be used as an assessment tool to evaluate smartphone multitasking behaviors in adolescents.
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Objective@#To describe the prevalence and association of sleep quality and anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms among nursing students, in order to provide a reference basis for promoting the development of nursing students mental health.@*Methods@#Using a prospective study design, baseline survey was conducted in January 2019 among a random cluster sample of 1 716 individuals in three medical universities in Hefei, Anhui Province, and a follow-up survey was conducted in October 2019, with a valid number of 1 573 individuals after matching with the baseline survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess nursing students sleep quality, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess the anxiety-depression comorbid symptoms.@*Results@#The detection rates of anxiety-depression co-morbidities among nursing students at baseline and follow-up survey were 16.9% and 18.2%, respectively, and the detection rates of poor sleep quality among nursing students at baseline and follow-up survey were 10.1% and 10.3%, respectively. The results of the binary Logistic regression model showed that baseline PSQI score were positively associated with the risk of anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms among nursing students at baseline ( OR=1.49, 95%CI =1.40-1.59) and after nine months of follow-up ( OR=1.22, 95%CI =1.16-1.28). Furthermore, the influence of baseline sleep quality on the risk of anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms were mainly concentrated in the five dimensions of sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic drugs and daytime dysfunction, and such effects of sleep time, sleep disorders and daytime dysfunction still existed in the follow-up investigation.@*Conclusion@#Poor sleep quality of nursing students can increase the risk of anxiety-depression co-morbidities. Improving sleep quality of nursing students has a positive effect on improving their mental health.
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Abstract@#Myopia is the most common visual impairment among children and adolescents. With the acceleration of urbanization, the relationship between myopia and factors of the built environment, such as building density, living space, green environment, etc, has attracted widespread attention in society. A growing number of studies have shown that the factors of the built environment play an important role in the onset and progression of myopia. This current review focuses on the effects of the built environment on myopia in children and adolescents, summarizes the association between the built environment and myopia in children and adolescents from the aspects of environmental density, living space and green space environment, and discusses the potential paths of the association, including affecting the light environment and restricting the outdoor activities of children and adolescents, which could provide environmental etiological clues for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents and reduce the burden of public health caused by myopia.
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Objective@#The study aimed to describe the prevalence of mobile phone use and depressive symptoms and to examine the bidirectional associations between the two among college students, providinb evidence for mental health promotion among college students.@*Methods@#A longitudinal study with follow up at 6 month intervals was conducted in 1 135 students from 2 universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province who were selected between April and May 2019. The last follow up was conducted between April and May 2021 based on questionnaire survey, and 999 valid participants were obtained after matching. The self designed questionnaire was used to investigate the duration of cellular phone use and use of cellular phone functions among college students. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms at baseline and 2 years later; linear regression model was used to analyze the linear association between cellular phone use behavior and depressive symptoms scores; autoregressive cross lagged model was used to analyze the bidirectional associations between cellular phone use behaviors and depressive symptoms among college students over time.@*Results@#The prevalence of mobile phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students at baseline were 24.3% and 42.4%, respectively. The mean duration of mobile phone use among college students at baseline and the 2 year follow up were (2.84±0.90)h/d and (2.02±1.05)h/d, respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone dependence were (23.30±9.00) and (23.29±10.45), respectively; the mean scores of mobile phone function use were (30.12±6.66) and (29.12±7.27), respectively; and the mean scores of depressive symptoms were (4.51±4.76) and (2.61±4.40), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed there were significant positive correlations between duration of cellular phone use, cellular phone dependence, use of cellular phone functions at baseline or 2 years later and depressive symptoms 2 years later( r =0.08-0.50, P <0.05). Linear regression models showed a significant positive association between cellular phone dependence at baseline and depressive symptoms ( β=0.26, 95%CI =0.23-0.29) at baseline and 2 years later ( β=0.12, 95%CI =0.09-0.15). Autoregressive cross lagged models showed that cellular phone dependence at baseline positively predicted depressive symptoms 2 years later ( β =0.04) and depressive symptoms at baseline positively predicted cellular phone dependence 2 years later( β =0.23)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#There was a bidirectional association between cellular phone dependence and depressive symptoms among college students. Reducing cellular phone dependence is of positive significance for improving college students mental health.
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Objective@#To assess screening method for myopia among Chinese school age children and adolescents, and to provide scientific evidence for an appropriate protocol for vision screening.@*Methods@#According to technical protocols of 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health, a total of 1 725 primary and middle school girls aged 9 to 13 years old from Suzhou, Hefei and Chizhou of Anhui Province were selected. Basic information and menarche were collected by questionnaires. Distance visual acuity and subjective refraction were used for screening myopia. And multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between menarche and screening myopia.@*Results@#The detection rate of screening positive myopia of girls aged 9-13 years in Anhui province was 62.5%(1 078). The ratio of screening myopia was significantly higher in urban girls (71.0%) compared with suburban girls(54.6%), and higher in girls with homework time >2 h compared (70.8%) with homework time 1-2 h and <1 h (68.4%, 54.9%) groups ( χ 2=49.50, 37.88, P <0.01). The detection rate of screening myopia between different menarche groups was only statistically significant among girls aged 9 and 13 years ( χ 2=4.75, 11.22, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that menarche was significantly associated with screening myopia ( OR =2.06, 95% CI =1.68- 2.52 ). After controlling age and BMI, the association remained ( P <0.05). After further controlling family residence background and homework time, the association diminished ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Menarche is closely associated with screening myopia among girls in selected age groups, future cohort studies are needed to focus on prevention and control of myopia during pubertal development.
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Abstract@#Media multitasking has become a novel type of social media use behavior in adolescents, and its negative effect on cognitive function has gradually attracted attention. Based on relevant literature review and summarization, this paper briefly reviews the prevalence and assessment of media multitasking in adolescents, and the effects of on cognitive function such as working memory, attention and inhibitory control. Moreover, potential neuropsychological mechanisms are provided. This study provides a scientific evidence for promoting the physical and mental health of adolescents.
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Objective@#To describe the prevalence of cell phone dependence and anxiety-depression co morbidity among college students, and to explore the association between cell phone dependence and anxiety-depression co morbidity among college students, in order to provide a reference basis for promoting the development of college students mental health.@*Methods@#Using a prospective study design, baseline survey was conducted in April-May 2019 among a random whole group sample of 1 135 individuals in two universities in Hefei, Anhui Province and Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, and a follow up survey was conducted in November 2019 among the sampled population, with a valid number of 1 110 individuals after matching with the baseline survey. The Self rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) was used to assess college students cell phone dependence, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Self Rating Scale (DASS-21) to assess depression, anxiety, and anxiety depression co morbidity symptoms, and the self administered Health Related Behavior and Mental Health Questionnaire for College Students to report sleep duration.@*Results@#The detection rates of cell phone dependence among college students at baseline and follow up surveys were 24.5% and 27.7%, respectively, and the detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety depression co morbidities were 28.7%, 21.3%, and 18.4%, respectively. The results of the binary Logistic regression model showed that cell phone dependence was positively associated with the risk of anxiety depression co morbid symptoms among college students at baseline ( OR =5.79, 95% CI =4.06-8.24) and after six months of follow up ( OR =2.62, 95% CI =1.86-3.69) ( P <0.01). The results of the moderating effect analysis showed that sleep duration moderated the association between cell phone dependence and anxiety depression co morbidities, and the interaction term was statistically significant ( β =0.08, 0.04, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Cell phone dependence in college students increases the risk of depressive and anxiety co morbid symptoms, and sleep mitigates effect of cell phone dependence on depressive and anxiety co morbid symptoms in college students.
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Abstract@#The incidence of health related behaviors in adolescents is on the rise, directly or potentially threatening the current and future health of adolescents. Adolescents health related behaviors are closely related to low level systemic inflammation. Based on relevant previous literature, this paper briefly reveals the relationship between single form and clustering of health related behaviors (diet, physical activity, substance use, and sleep) and low level systemic inflammation. Moreover, the role of inflammation played in health related behaviors and mental health in adolescents is clarified. This study provides a scientific evidence for promoting the physical and mental health of adolescents.
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Objective@#To explore the relationships between sleep behaviors, chronotype and emotional symptoms including depression and anxiety symptoms among college students.@*Methods@#Freshmen and sophomore from one university in Anhui Province were recruited through cluster sampling method. The baseline survey was conducted in November 2020, and the follow up survey was conducted 2 months later. The Morning and Evening Questionnaire 5 (MEQ-5) was used to assess chronotype. The Insomnia severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESS-CHAD) were used to evaluate sleep behaviors. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The detection rate of depression and anxiety among college students with different demographic characteristics, different sleep chronotypes and sleep behavior were compared, and the association between sleep behavior, chronotypes and depression and anxiety symptoms was analyzed.@*Results@#The detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were higher in the college students with daytime sleepiness and insomnia( χ 2=12.39，22.68；40.14，29.46， P <0.01). Logistic regression results showed that at the baseline daytime sleepiness and insomnia were positively associated with depression ( OR =3.03, 5.23) and anxiety symptoms ( OR =3.74, 4.24), respectively ( P ＜0.05), however, no association was found between chronotype and symptoms of depression and anxiety ( P ＞0.05). Follow up survey results were consistent with baseline.@*Conclusion@#Daytime sleepiness and insomnia are risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among college students. It is suggested that keeping healthy sleep behaviors play an important role in mental health promotion among college students in the future.
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Objective@#To identify the latent classes of various health risk behaviors among medical students and further analyze the correlation between different classes and depression.@*Methods@#Using the method of convenient sampling, 2 014 medical students were selected from Anhui Medical University in October 2018. Self-designed online questionnaire were used to collect demographic data, health risk behavior (including smoking, drinking, suicide, sleep disorders, mobile phone dependence and lack of exercise) and depressive symptoms. Latent Class Analysis was used to cluster individuals. Logistic regression was provided to further analyze the association between health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms for the groups.@*Results@#The health hazard behaviors of medical students could be divided into three separate classes: substance dependence group (8.4%), mobile phone dependence group (22.4%) and low-risk group (69.2%). The distribution of health risk behaviors of medical students with different gender, major, grade, only child，father s educational level，monthly living expenses, academic achievement and number of friends were statistically significant (χ 2=99.37,19.07,12.05,6.64,14.28,19.35,20.61,26.39,P<0.05). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for gender, major, grade, only child, father s educational level，monthly living expenses, academic achievement and number of friends, the mobile phone dependence group was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (β=1.75, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#Different ratent classes of health risk behaviors have different correlation with depressive symptoms in groups.It is suggested that school health workers should make individualized intervention plan for different types of health hazard behavior of medical students in the future educational activities, carry out stratified intervention, alleviate the symptoms of depression and promote the mental health of medical students.
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Objective@#To describe digital media use in college students during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreak.@*Methods@#A structured self-administered electronic questionnaire was designed and admin istered during February 4 to 12, 2020, collecting information on the use time of digital media and anxiety symptoms of college students in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data was analyzed by Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models.@*Results@#A total of 11 787 university students were recruited. The detection rate of anxiety symptoms was 17.8%. The percentages of screen time ≤2, >2-4 and >4 h/d were 21.3%, 31.4% and 47.3%. The proportions of mobile phone use time ≤2, >2-4 and >4 h/d were 14.6%, 33.2% and 52.3%. The proportion of browsing information regarding COVID-19 ≤1, 1-2 and >2 h/d were 66.6%, 19.4% and 13.9%. The results of Logistic regression analysis revealed that the detection rate of anxiety symptoms was lower among the students having 2-4 h/d of screen time(OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.61-0.81), but higher among the students having more than 4 h/d of screen time(OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.00-1.28) compared with those having ≤2 h/d of video usage time. Compared with the mobile phone usage ≤2 h/d group, the detection rate was lower among >2-4 h/d group(OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.66-0.91). However, anxiety symptoms were more likely to occur in the group of > 4 h/d(OR=1.20, 95%CI=1.04-1.39). The detection of anxiety symptoms was higher in the group with more browsing time. The OR for anxiety symptoms detection rate was 1.55(1.38-1.75) among the students with >1-2 h/d of browsing information regarding COVID-19 and 2.15(1.89-2.44) among the students with >2 h/d of browsing information regarding COVID-19 compared with those with ≤1 h/d of browsing information regarding COVID-19.@*Conclusion@#During the epidemic period, the use of >2-4 h/d digital media helps to reduce the occurrence of anxiety symptoms. But the use of computers and mobile phones for more than 4 h/d is associated with higher level of anxiety symptoms among college students. Less screen time spent on fact-checking on COVID-19 might help reduce anxiety sympotoms among college students.
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Objective@#To describe the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use and anxiety in college students, and explore the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety, and to provide reference for physical and mental health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#One medical college and a comprephensive college were selected in Hefei city of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province, respectively, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 1 135 valid questionnaires were collected. The self-rating questionnaires regarding basic information of college students, use the Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU) and the Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression-Anxiety-Stress for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(DASS-21) was used to evaluate problematic mobile phone use and anxiety, respectively. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality.@*Conclusion@#The detection rates of college students with problematic mobile phone use and poor sleep quality were 24.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The detection rates of college students anxiety grouped by severity were 5.1%, 23.9%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed a positive linear correlation between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety[OR values(95%CI) were 1.86(1.01-3.44), 4.34(3.14-5.99), P<0.01]. The results of process showed that sleep quality played a moderating role between problematic mobile phone use and anxiety(R2=0.37, F=220.52, P<0.01). Interaction term s β=0.09(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of problematic mobile phone use is high in college students, and problematic mobile phone use is positively related to anxiety. Good sleep quality can alleviate the relationship between mobile phone dependence and anxiety of college students.
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Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the correlation between brain gray matter volume(GMV) and MPD based on voxel-based morphometry(VBM) method.@*Methods@#By using principle of random sampling method, 566 students were recruited from 5 different majors in a certain university. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the general situation and MPD. Moreover, 266 students were obtained high-resolution 3-dimensional T1 structure images by 3.0 T MRI based on voluntary principle. A multiple regression model with VBM8 was performed to detect GMV associated with MPD scores.@*Results@#Among the 266 participants, 81 students(30.5%) reported MPD. There were no statistical differences of MPD scores between different characteristics, such as gender, residential area, sibling and perceived family income, as well as academic performance(t/F=-1.04,0.40,-1.30,0.23,1.48,P>0.05). An inverse correlation was found between GMV of the anterior cingulate gyrus(ACC) and right fusiform gyrus(FFG) with MPD scores(FDR corrected, P<0.05), and no positive associations were found.@*Conclusion@#College students with higher severity of MPD have lower GMV of ACC and right FFG, and these results suggested that MPD was correlated with brain reward, executive control and emotional related GMV.
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Objective@#To describe physical activity (PA) level of college students, and to examine the associations between PA and physical health and depression, so as to provide evidence for health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#During June to July 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4 624 college students from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. The basic information was investigated by the questionnaire. PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ). Physical and mental health were evaluated by the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D), respectively.Chi-square test was used to examine the differences between physical health and depression among college students with different demographic characteristics. The generalized linear model and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationships between PA and physical health and depression.@*Results@#The proportion of good, medium and poor physical health were 64.5%, 31.6% and 3.9%, respectively. The detection rate of depression was 34.1%. Compared to low PA group, physical health was negatively correlated with medium PA (OR=0.78, 95%CI=0.66-0.91) and high PA(OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.38-0.56). Binary logistic regression results showed that, depression was negatively associated with medium PA (OR=0.69, 95%CI=0.59-0.82) and high PA(OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.55-0.79)(P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#There is a significant association between PA and physical health and depression. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between PA and physical and mental health.
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Objective@#To describe the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pediatric patients, and to provide data support and decision-making basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19.@*Methods@#Cases of children aged 0-17 years reported by provincial health commissions in Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces were collected to analyze their spatial, temporal, and demographic distribution.@*Results@#By 24:00 on February 6, 2020, a total of 107 pediatric patients had been reported in the four provinces, accounting for 3.8% (107/2 808) of the total cases reported in the four provinces during the same period. Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces had 25, 25, 28 and 29 cases, respectively. Cases ranged in age from 5 days after birth to 17 years, with a median age of 8 years. Boys accounted for 58.9%. Totally 38 cases had a history of sojourn in Wuhan or Hubei, 63 cases had a history of exposure to confirmed cases, and 6 cases with unknown exposure history. A group of 52 family clustering were found in 107 cases. All cases presented mild symptoms, no serious and no death.@*Conclusion@#Children were also susceptible to the COVID-19. Before February 2, the index pediatric cases were mainly the first generation cases, and after February 3, these pediatric cases were mainly the secondary-generation cases and those who had close contact with confirmed cases. The monitoring of children with secondgeneration cases and close contact with COVID-19 cases were valued.
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Objective@#To clarify the distribution of asthma in preschool children aged 3-6 years old and the protective effect of breastfeeding on asthma in three provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in China.@*Methods@#The parents of 27 200 preschoolers chosen from kindergartens in 11 cities of Hubei, Jiangsu and Anhui Province were investigated with children’s asthma and breastfeeding during October to November in 2017.@*Results@#The asthma detection rate for preschoolers was 4.0%,5.0% for boys and 2.9% for girls. The asthma detection rate for children aged 3,4,5,and 6 years old was 3.2%,3.7%,4.4%,and 4.9%. 3 448 (12.7%) and 7 630 (28.1%) preschoolers were never breastfed or mainly breastfed. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.0% for 1 to 5 months and only 10.2% over 6 months. Meanwhile,there was a significant protective effect on asthma (OR=0.88,95%CI=0.77-0.89) by exclusive breastfeeding for 1-5 months,which was still statistically significant after adjusting for confounding factors. After adjusting for confounding factors,exclusive breastfeeding over 6 month have significant effected on preschool children aged 4 years old without allergic conjunctivitis history (OR=0.63,95%CI=0.40-0.99). Furthermore,exclusive breastfeeding over 6 month had important effect on preschool children aged 4 years old with eczema history (OR=0.52,95%CI=0.27-0.99).@*Conclusion@#Exclusive breastfeeding has protective effect on asthma in preschool children. Exclusive breastfeeding over 6 months even has better protective effect on asthma for the 4-years-old children without the history of allergic conjunctivitis and eczema.
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Objective@#To simplify the psychological domain of Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA),which includes 39 items and develop the Brief Instrument On Psychological Health of Youths(BIOPHY), as well as to evaluate the predictive validity of the BIOPHY.@*Methods@#A total of 14 221 students were recruited from Shenyang,Xinxiang,Guangzhou,and Chongqing by using multistage stratified cluster random sampling to participate in the study. A combination of item analysis,factor analysis and reliability evaluation were used to screen items and evaluate the questionnaire. Meantime, data from 14 500 adolescents from Shenzhen,Nanchang,Zhengzhou and Guiyang in 2017 were used to develop a cut-off point and to evaluate its predictive validity.@*Results@#On the basis of item analysis,BIOPHY consisted of 15 items. Variance cumulative contribution rate was 57.39%; internal consistency test showed that the total questionnaire Cronbach α coefficient was 0.928. The split-half coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.909. The 90th percentile of total scores was used as the cutoff point of BIOPHY. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that students with psychological health symptoms were at significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms (OR=10.53,95%CI=9.28-11.94),suicide ideations (OR=5.77,95%CI=5.15-6.46),suicide plans (OR=6.09,95%CI=5.39-6.89) and suicide attempts (OR=4.80,95%CI=4.04-5.69) than normal counterparts.@*Conclusion@#The BIOPHY is consistent with the evaluation standard of psychometrics. The predictive validity of BIOPHY is good and could be used in the future researches focusing on adolescent mental health.
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Objective@#This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of sleep quality in the association between beverages consumption and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students, and to provide a theoretical reference for preventing and reducing depression symptoms.@*Methods@#This school-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 4 624 university students from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces of China. The patient health questionnaire-9 items (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI） was used to assess sleep quality, and a self-reported dietary frequency questionnaire was used to measure beverages consumption. The quantile regression model was used to association analysis, and the latent variable mediation model was used to analyze the mediation effect.@*Results@#The positive rates of mild, moderate, moderate to severe and severe depression in 4 624 university students were 31.4%, 7.5%, 4.1% and 2.0%, respectively. There was a significant association between the beverages consumption score, the PSQI score, and the PHQ-9 score( P <0.01). The higher the quantile of the beverage consumption and PSQI score, the greater the regression coefficient ( β ), and a significant dose-response relationship was observed( P <0.01). In the latent variable mediation model of beverages consumption associated with depressive symptoms in Chinese university students, the mediating effect value of sleep quality was 0.12, and the ratio of mediating effect to total effect was 71.3%.@*Conclusion@#Our study demonstrates that poor sleep quality partially mediates the association between beverages consumption and depressive symptoms in Chinese university students.
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Objective@#To analyze the detection rate of sleep problems such as sleep delay and deficiency in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China,and to provide the reference for the standard of sleeping mode among preschool students.@*Methods@#From October to November 2017, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 27 200 preschool children in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Epidemiology of sleep delays, deficiencies and sleep patterns in preschool children was described.@*Results@#The detection rate of sleep problems in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 15.3%. Taking the length of sleep and bedtime as the main analysis points, it was found that the average sleeping time point of each age group was 21:31, and the detection rate of bedtime delay was 86.5%. The average length of sleep was (10.60±1.12) hours. The detection rate of sleep deprivation in preschool children was 15.7%. Sleep delay was positively correlated with girls, age increase and parents’ higher educational level (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with living in the city, non-only child and bedroom without TV (P<0.01) .The detection rate of sleep deprivation was positively correlated with children of high age group (4yearold group：OR=1.32，95%CI=1.19-1.46；5-year-old group：OR=2.10，95%CI=1.91-2.32；6-year-old group：OR=2.47，95%CI=2.20-2.77)(P<0.01), and negatively correlated with no TV in bedroom (OR=0.91，95%CI=0.84-0.98) and no light in sleep (OR=0.87，95%CI=0.78-0.97)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Preschool children sleep delay and sleep deprivation and other sleep problems are more prominent, affected by family environment and other factors.